The analytical techniques for measuring trace elements in environmental samples include:

A、AAS,AFS,ICP-OESorICP-AES;;
B、NAA,XRF,PIXE,SSMS,IDMS;;
C、electrochemical(anodicstrippingvoltammetryandpolarography);
D、inductivelycoupledplasma—massspectrometry(ICP-MS)